Japan has the highest proportion of older adults and so-called â??Super-aged\nsocietyâ? in the world. These results suggested that the prevalence of both cognitive\nand physical functional impairment increases with age. Therefore, the\npresent study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation\nin cognitive and physical functional impairment in healthy older\nadults in Japan. We enrolled 7 Japanese male (age: 76.0 ± 8.7) and 5 female\n(age: 78.3 ± 9.3) in this study. The physical function of even a person getting\non a wheelchair could be tested in all subjects. Treatment group (n = 7)\nconsisted of a 500 IU/day vitamin D3 corresponding to twice of daily requirement\nfor 6 months. Blood was collected by venipuncture and the serum\n25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 OHD), 1,25-hydroxy vitamin D (1,25 OHD), Ca\nand PTH concentration were measured. The Mini-Mental State Examination\nand the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version were used\nfor the cognitive function test. Physical function was measured objectively\nusing the Timed Up and Go (TUG), 4-mgait speed test (4 MGS), 5-repetition\nsit-to-stand (5 STS), 30-second chair stand test (CS-30) and measurement of\nupper grip strength. Our results show that a 6-month intake of vitamin D3\nincreased serum 25 OHD within the insufficiency and sufficiency levels without\nchanging 1,25 OHD, Ca and PTH concentration. And it significantly decreased\n4 MGS without changing TUG, 5 STS, CS-30, upper grip strength and\ncognitive function. Serum 25 OHD cut-off values for skeletal muscle index,\ngrip strength and 4 MGS in diagnosis of sarcopenia are 18.6 - 23.4 ng/mL.\nThese findings suggest that serum 25 OHD levels (23.4 ng/mL) might improve\nmoving capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and physical balance functional impairment.
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